Dispersion & Dissolution in Water / Adverse Effects of Impurities for Water Problem Constituents Responsible chemicals, and Water Quality Analysis.
Impurities Responsible Chemicals
Aesthetically not acceptable |
Clay, Silt, Humus, Colour |
| Health-related problems | pH |
| Gastro-intestinal irritation | Hardness, TDS, Ca, Mg, SO4 |
| Dental and skeletal fluorosis | Fluoride |
| Methemoglobinemia | Nitrate |
| Encrustation in water supply structure | Hardness, TDS |
| Adverse effects on domestic use | Ca, Mg, Cl |
| Eutrophication of the water body | Zoo & Phyto, Phosphate, Nitrate |
| Taste, discoloration, and corrosion | Iron, Mn, Cu, Zn, Alkalinity of pipes fittings and utensils. |
| Promotes iron bacteria | Fe & Mn |
| Decomposition | When it is heated |
| Corrosion in the water supply system | pH, Cl |
| Carcinogenic effect | Cr, As |
| Toxic effect | Cd, Pb, Hg |
| Formation of chlorophenols Imparts unpleasant taste and odor Oil & grease after chlorination. | Phenol chlorine |
| Water-borne diseases | Bacteria & viruses |
Contamination / Pollution in water During its traverse water picks up impurities in varying amounts. Gases from the atmosphere. Inorganic and organic salts from topsoil and geological strata. During its traverse water gets contaminated by inorganic and organic salts sometimes beyond desirable limits. The presence of undesirable substances in quantities that are harmful to man vegetation or property is referred to as pollution. The quality of water depends upon the quality and quantity of inorganic and organic salts present in the water.
Water Quality Assessment
To
measure the concentration of the constituents in quantity for characterization
of water for different uses.
Of
the various parameters in potable water, few are objectionable even when
present in a very small quantity.
Others
if only present in unusual quantities as to relegate the water from the potable
to the unusable class.
The
analyst familiar with water quality characterization will often select
parameters to be measured based on experience and intuition.
Water Quality Consideration
1. Irrigation
pH
Conductivity
Sodium & Potassium
Nutrients
Specific compounds
2. Industries
As per specific requirement
Domestic Consumption
As per BIS Standards
3. Water Bodies
As per CPCB guidelines
Water
Dissolved Oxygen
All
living organisms depend upon oxygen to maintain the
metabolic processes that produce energy for growth and reproduction.
Dissolved oxygen is important in the precipitation and dissolution of inorganic
substances in water.
To
assess the quality of raw water.
To check on pollution.
Determination of biological changes by aerobic or anaerobic organisms.
C.O.D. and D.O. are the basis of the BOD test to evaluate the pollution potential
of wastes.
All aerobic biological wastewater treatment processes.
An important factor in corrosion.