Automatic Process Control System, Advantages and Industrial Applications

The action that is initiated in a system to remove the difference that occurs when the measured quantity is compared with the desired value is called an automatic control system. 

Or Maintenance of the desired value of any magnitude or condition and its comparison by measuring the existing value, the process of removing the error (difference) from the desired value is called an automatic control system.

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Therefore, the difference between the measured value and the desired value is removed by the automatic control. Mainly, the complete determination of energy and material balance in the process is done by automatically measuring the control of the selected variable, it can be measured continuously or batch type. In this way, by changing the energy and material effect in the process, the variable is kept in a fertilized state.

An automatic control mechanism is used for the quick handling of monotonous and time-consuming processes.

Automatic Process Control Example

The control diagram of a non-heating system for the study of closed-loop action is shown in the figure. Suppose that the temperature of the room is to be maintained at 72°F. This temperature is called the desired value or set point for the room. To find out the existing value of the room, thermocouples are placed on the wall. Here the temperature has to be controlled. 

The thermocouple sees that the room temperature (the existing value) is 59°F. Hence the existing value is less than the desired value. Therefore the actuating signal is 13°F. To reduce this difference it is necessary to heat the room. That's why the fuel gas reaches the room through the solenoid valve. That's why the room's temperature starts increasing because hot air reaches the room through the tube. This tube is related to the furnace and the room.

The thermostat (controller) hangs in the room as soon as the temperature of the room exceeds the desired value (72°F) then the connection between the controller and the solenoidal valve is disconnected. Hence the solenoidal valve will be closed. But as soon as the temperature is below 72°F, the connection between the controller and the solenoidal valve will be reconnected and the valve will open, allowing fuel gas to enter the furnace and gradually reheat it. This action will go on continuously and the temperature of the room will automatically be controlled.

Advantages

The main sociological and economic advantages of the automatic control system are that it frees the main power from unnecessary use and the technical advantage is that it can do the work quickly and efficiently. Which becomes difficult to do by humans.

1. To increase the quality of the product. 

2. Increasing the quantity of the product. 

3. Improving product uniformity. 

4. Saving of processing raw materials. 

5. Reduction in the number of plant equipment. 

6. Saving necessary energy. 

7. Less need for manual power. 

8. Increased (power) production optimum cost. 

9. Protects the apparatus to be used from damage. 

10. Reduces processing time.

>Fluids Classifications and Properties

Industrial Applications (Uses)

An automatic control device is used in almost all phases of industrial operation, which are as follows.

1. Automatic process control is used in petroleum, chemical, food, power, steel, etc. Temperature, flow rate, pressure, etc. in processing industries. is done to control. 

2. In goods manufacturing industries such as automobile parts, refrigerators, etc industries are used to control many operations like assembly operations, workflow, and heat treating.

3. Automatic price control is used in transportation systems such as railways, airplanes, free missiles, and ships. 

4. It is also used to control position, speed, and power in machine tools, compressors, pumps, and power supply units.