Types of Automatic Process Control Systems

Automatic process control systems are used in various industries to maintain and regulate processes, ensuring they operate efficiently and within specified parameters.

The mainly used two types of automatic control systems in industries are closed-loop or feedback control systems and open-loop or feed-forward control systems, and this post or article shows these control system advantages and characteristics.

Closed Loop or Feedback Control System

In this type of system, the control variable is measured and compared with the reference input. Its difference is the input signal.

{tocify} $title={Table of Contents}

Closed Loop or Feed back Control System

That is, the loop in which the main variable is used to control the process/input is called a closed-loop control system.

Closed Loop or Feed back Control System

It is clear from a fig that the main variable is used to automatically regulate steam input. That is, steam is controlled by the main variable (temperature), so it is a closed-loop control system.

Advantages

Only one controller is used to change the entire input.

Characteristics

1. Minimum derivation, following a disturbance.

2. Feedback control cannot give close control when there is a large time delay in measuring price output as when the main variable is a chemical composition, a molecular weight.

Open Loop or Feed Forward Control System

If the main variable is not used to control any input, it is called an open-loop control system. In this, each piece of information is controlled by a separate controller.

Open Loop or Feed Forward Control System

It is clear that the pressure inside the jacket is controlled by the pressure controller and the flow is controlled by the flow controller. 

Open Loop or Feed Forward Control System

It is clear from Fig that the temperature of the kettle which is the primary variable is neither used for pressure control nor liquid flow control nor is it used for temperature control.

The feed-forward control system cannot maintain the C at a set point, So the method is not accurate.

Advantages

1. Simple construction and easy maintenance. 

2. No stability problem.

Automatic Control Systems Examples

Automatic control systems are widely used in various industries and applications to regulate and manage processes efficiently. 

1. Thermostat in HVAC Systems

In heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, thermostats automatically control the temperature by turning the heating or cooling system on or off based on the desired setpoint.

2. Cruise Control in Vehicles

Cruise control systems automatically maintain a constant vehicle speed set by the driver, making long-distance driving more comfortable and fuel-efficient.

3. Water Level Control in Tanks

Automatic control systems regulate water levels in tanks or reservoirs, ensuring a consistent supply of water for various applications, such as in municipal water distribution systems.

4. Industrial PID Controllers

In manufacturing and industrial processes, PID controllers regulate variables like temperature, pressure, flow rate, and level to ensure product quality and process efficiency.

5. Elevator Control Systems

Elevators use automatic control systems to move between floors, stop at the desired floor, and open/close doors safely.

6. Traffic Signal Control

Traffic signal systems automatically adjust signal timings based on traffic flow and congestion to optimize traffic management in urban areas.

7. Power Generation and Grid Control

Power plants and electrical grids employ automatic control systems to maintain a stable supply of electricity, regulate voltage, and respond to demand fluctuations.

8. Water Treatment Plants

Automatic control systems are used in water treatment plants to control the addition of chemicals, filtration, and disinfection processes to ensure safe and clean drinking water.

9. Robotics and Automated Manufacturing

Industrial robots and automated manufacturing systems use control systems to perform precise and repetitive tasks, such as welding, assembly, and material handling.

10. Aircraft Flight Control Systems

Aircraft use automatic control systems to stabilize and control their flight, including autopilots that can maintain altitude, heading, and speed.

11. Chemical Process Control

In chemical manufacturing, automatic control systems regulate temperature, pressure, and reactant flow rates to ensure consistent product quality and safety.

12. Environmental Control in Greenhouses

Greenhouse automation systems manage temperature, humidity, and lighting conditions to optimize plant growth and crop yield.

13. Home Automation Systems

Smart homes utilize automatic control systems to control lighting, security, heating, and cooling based on user preferences and sensor inputs.

14. Wastewater Treatment

Automatic control systems play a crucial role in wastewater treatment plants by optimizing the treatment process, managing flow rates, and ensuring environmental compliance.

15. Telecommunications Networks

Telecommunications networks use automatic control systems to manage network traffic, routing, and quality of service to provide reliable communication services.

BANTI SINGH

Hi I'm Banti Singh, a Chemical Engineer! Welcome all of you to my blog. If you got the information right? Share the information. All of you Thank you

Thanks to visit this site.

Post a Comment (0)
Previous Post Next Post